Thermoregulatory responses to altering hypothalamic temperature in the harbor seal.

The rostral brainstem of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina was cooled and heated 33-41 degrees C while oxygen consumption and rectal, hypothalamic, flipper and dorsal skin temperatures were measured. These experiments were made on restrained seals at ambient temperatures -15 to 30 degrees C. Cooling the preoptic and hypothalamic (POH) tissue increased oxygen consumption in a way that could be approximated by a linear regression line with slope and threshold temperature at which the metabolic rate was minimal. The slope of the regression line was a function of ambient temperature and rectal temperature. At each ambient temperature, the slope was significantly higher for lower rectal temperature. At all rectal temperatures, the slope was significantly higher for lower ambient temperature. The threshold hypothalamic temperatures did not very consistently or significantly with either rectal temperature or ambient temperature. These results on the harbor seal are explicable by suggesting that the thermal-sensitive and reference neurons in the POH which regulate body temperature are inhibited equally by extrahypothalamic cold transducing neural elements.